Leishmaniosis y el cambio climático en España
La leishmaniosis canina es una enfermedad parasitaria grave que puede llegar a ser mortal para los perros. Es una de las enfermedades de mayor seroprevalencia en nuestro país: de hecho, se considera endémica en España y en otros países europeos.
Se trata de una enfermedad producida por un parásito llamado Leishmania que se propaga a través de un insecto muy pequeño, parecido a un mosquito, llamado flebotomo. El flebotomo transmite la leishmaniosis de un perro a otro después de haber picado a un perro contagiado de la enfermedad. Entre los síntomas de la leishmaniosis se pueden incluir la alopecia, pérdida de peso e incluso puede afectar a órganos internos como el riñón. Sin embargo, puede que no se presenten todos, o incluso ninguno. Además, la leishmaniosis es una enfermedad zoonótica, lo cual significa que se puede transmitir de los perros a las personas pero únicamente a través de la picadura del flebotomo, insecto que transmite esta enfermedad, y nunca directamente a través del perro.
En este artículo, queremos hablarte sobre cómo el aumento generalizado de las temperaturas en España (y en el mundo) ha dado lugar a un aumento de la actividad de los flebotomos durante todo el año en áreas donde antes no existían.
El efecto de las temperaturas en los flebotomos
Antes solía asociarse la leishmaniosis canina con la temporada de primavera-verano: esta comenzaba en mayo y se extendía hasta septiembre. Pero el aumento generalizado de las temperaturas a lo largo de los últimos años (la temperatura en España ha ido aumentando un 0,3% cada década desde los años 60¹) ha ampliado el periodo de actividad de los flebotomos. Ahora pueden encontrarse prácticamente durante todo el año, ya que a través de diversos estudios se ha visto que los flebotomos pueden permanecer activos (y seguir transmitiendo la leishmaniosis canina) hasta diciembre.
El aumento generalizado de las temperaturas no solo ha prolongado el número de meses en que los flebotomos están activos, sino que también han aumentado su distribución geográfica llegando a zonas en las que antes apenas se encontraban. En concreto, la prevalencia de flebotomos presenciada en las regiones consideradas más ‘frías’, como Asturias o Cantabria, ha aumentado de manera muy considerable en los últimos años ²,³.
La conclusión es clara: hoy en día, el flebotomo, y como consecuencia la leishmaniosis en perros es una amenaza en cualquier época del año y en cualquier lugar de España. Como familia, es nuestro deber reaccionar y protegerlos durante todos los meses del año frente a esta enfermedad
Cómo minimizar el riesgo de leishmaniosis durante todo el año
Hay muchos tratamientos que pueden minimizar el riesgo de que tu perro sea picado por un flebotomo y por tanto contraiga la leishmaniosis. Como primer paso para luchar frente a esta enfermedad, programa una cita con tu veterinario y pídele información sobre el mejor tratamiento para tu peludo.
Aparte de reducir el riesgo con el uso de productos antiparasitarios, es importante recordar que los flebotomos están más activos durante el atardecer y el anochecer, por lo que te recomendamos evitar los paseos con tu perro a esas horas y no dejarle dormir en el exterior. Para reproducirse, los flebotomos suelen preferir huecos y grietas como sótanos, basureros o raíces de árboles, porque son húmedos y protegidos. Es muy aconsejable revisar los espacios interiores y exteriores de tu hogar e instalar mosquiteras en las ventanas para impedir el paso de los flebotomos al interior de tu casa.
Por último, pero no menos importante, es vital para el bienestar de tu perro ir al veterinario al menos una vez al año para que le haga una prueba diagnóstica.
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Beirut, Lebanon CNN — A deadly Israeli airstrike on Hezbollah’s stronghold in southern Beirut on Friday has left over a dozen people dead, including a high-ranking Hezbollah commander, sharply escalating the conflict between the two sides and raising fears of all-out war. kra8.cc Senior Hezbollah commander Ibrahim Aqil, part of Hezbollah’s elite Radwan Force, was assassinated along with “about 10” other commanders, Israel Defense Forces (IDF) spokesperson Daniel Hagari said, accusing them of planning to raid and occupy communities in Galilee in northern Israel. Hezbollah confirmed Aqil’s death on Friday, saying he was killed “following a treacherous Israeli assassination operation on 09/20/2024 in the southern suburbs of Beirut.” According to Hagari, the targeted commanders were “underground underneath a residential building in the heart of the Dahiyeh neighborhood, using civilians as a human shield” at the time of the attack. Lebanon’s health ministry said at least 14 people were killed and 66 others injured in the airstrike, which leveled a multistory building in a densely populated neighborhood. Aqil had a $7 million bounty on his head from the United States for his suspected involvement in the 1983 strike on the US Embassy in Beirut, which killed 63 people, as well as the bombing of the Beirut Marine barracks, which killed 241 US personnel later that year. A CNN team on the ground in Beirut saw a frantic effort to rescue people from underneath the rubble and rush the wounded to hospital. Witnesses said nearby buildings shook for nearly half an hour after the strike, which the IDF said it had carried out at around 4 p.m. local time. kra7.cc https://kraken9-gl.com A week of surprise attacks Friday’s strike marked the fourth consecutive day of surprise attacks on Beirut and other sites across the country, even as Israeli forces continued deadly strikes and operations in Gaza and the occupied West Bank. The first major attack against Hezbollah this week came Tuesday afternoon when pagers belonging to the militant groups’ members exploded near-simultaneously. The pagers had been used by Hezbollah to communicate after the group’s leader, Hassan Nasrallah, encouraged members to switch to low-tech devices to prevent more of them from being assassinated. Almost exactly 24 hours later, Lebanon was rocked by a second wave of explosions, after Hezbollah walkie-talkies detonated in Beirut and the south of the country on Wednesday. At least 37 people were killed, including some children, and more than 3,000 were injured in the twin attacks. In a United Nations Security Council meeting on Friday, UN human rights chief Volker Turk on Friday warned that the detonation of communication devices could violate international human rights law. Lebanese Foreign Minister Abdallah Bou Habib and Israeli Ambassador to the UN Danny Danon clashed at the heated meeting, with Bou Habib calling on the council to condemn Israel’s actions and Danon slamming the Lebanese envoy for not mentioning Hezbollah. kra9.cc https://kra8-gl.cc
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